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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00357_Text_rem02t.txt
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1997-02-04
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In the second countercase,
the eyes are movingΓÇöΓÇôand thus
there should be proprioceptive
feedbackΓÇöΓÇôbut they are
nonetheless treated by the
perceptual system as
stationary. If we push our eyes
gently to the side with our
fingers, presumably there is
proprioceptive feedback to that
effect, just as there would be if
we lifted a limp arm by active
movement of the other arm. But
we can infer from the fact that
the entire scene appears to
move that the perceptual
system treats such imposed eye
movement as no movement at
all. Position constancy is not
achieved because, with no eye
movement registered, the
perceptual system does not
discount image displacement.
Therefore, it seems that we
"know" what our eyes are doing
not by what they are in fact
doing but by what we command
them to do a fraction of a
second before they move. The
information is efferent (derived
from signals flowing out to
effector organs) rather than
afferent (derived from signals
flowing in from sense organs).
Some evidence suggests that a
similar mechanism plays a role
in the interpretation of other
body movements as well.
We have seen that the
perceptual system gains
information on the
displacement of contours (or its
lack) over the retina by the
firing of motion-detector cells.
The perceptual system not only
makes use of this information
about image motion, but also
takes account of information
about the movement of the eyes
in arriving at an "inference" as
to whether or not the object
producing such image contours
is moving. The general rule of
motion perception, it seems, is
this: An object that changes its
perceived direction at a rate
fast enough for the brain to
detect will generally be seen to
be moving, and an object that
does not will generally appear
to be stationary.